Glossary
100% match
A match that has a score of 100%. A score of 100% is always an exact match. However, an exact match might not be a 100% match (if the translation memory or translation unit is penalized, the score is reduced).
Abbreviation
In translation memories (TMs) for SDL TM Server and SDL Trados Studio, a word that is terminated by a period and is in the TM's list of abbreviations. When a TM is presented with source text, the TM recognizes a period that is part of an abbreviation, and so does not use that period to segment the text. Abbreviations are a language resource.
Acronym
You can specify that a translation memory (TM) recognizes acronyms as tokens. In SDL TMS, an acronym is any uppercase word that is identical in the source and target languages. If a segment of presented text matches a translation unit (TU) in all content except acronyms, the TM registers a 100% match, and uses the acronym from the presented text (rather than from the TU) in the translation. In TMs used by SDL TM Server and SDL Trados Studio, the rules defining acronyms are more complex, and acronyms are handled as a type of recognized token.
Activation certificate
A certificate created during offline activation.
Activation code
A code (usually a string of numbers and letters) used to activate a license for a product.
Alignment
The creation of translation units (TUs) by examining and segmenting the source and corresponding target texts of previously translated content. The alignment process starts with completed translations. It divides the source and target texts into segments, attempting to determine which segments belong together in order to build an aligned translation memory from the content. The resulting translation memory can be used for future translations.
translation alignment
Analysis
Feature in SDL Trados Studio that allows you to assess the number of translation matches in a document for translation by comparing the document to an existing translation memory.
Analysis band
A classification applied to a segment. Segments that are in the same analysis band have the same unit rates for the purposes of estimating translation time and costs. The analysis band for a segment depends on the source and target language, and on the rating of the match that is found, for example the percentage match in a fuzzy match. All segments are put into analysis bands. Segments that do not have a match in a translation memory are classified into the highest cost band.
Authorized
If a user has sufficient access rights to perform an action on configuration settings or stored data (for example to update a TM), the user is said to be authorized to perform the action.
Auto-localize
The process of applying automatic localization.
Automated translation
Translation without human interaction. Sometimes called machine translation.
machine translation
AT
MT
Automatic localization
The process by which the software can automatically change the format of numbers, dates and times to suit the target language. For example, when translating English to French, a translation editor can replace the decimal point used in English in 3.141 with a comma as used in French, to produce 3,141. Automatic localization is available if the translation memory (TM) supports it for the TM's recognized tokens. TMS does not apply automatic localization. In SDL Trados Studio and TM Server, automatic localization settings are specified per project for each language pair.
Auto-propagate
Automatically propagate. When a user in a translation editor confirms the translation of a segment, the editor propagates that translation to other identical segments in the document.
AutoSuggest
In SDL Trados Studio, AutoSuggest is a feature of the translation editor. If AutoSuggest is enabled, then when a translator types in the first letters of a word or phrase, AutoSuggest suggests matching words and phrases, and the translator can quickly insert one of the suggested items. AutoSuggest dynamically updates the suggestions as the translator adds or changes characters. See also, .
AutoSuggest dictionary
A file that contains the words and phrases that AutoSuggest can suggest. It has the file name extension *.bpm. Usually, you have one AutoSuggest dictionary for each target language in each project.
Batch task
A task that is initiated, and runs to completion, without requiring user interaction. Typically, a batch task (automatic task) is initiated as a result of a change of state detected by the translation memory. Contrast with an interactive task.
automatic task
background job
Batch task sequence
A set of batch tasks which are given a name and are run in sequential order.
Batch translation
A task in which the translation application does preliminary, partial translation of content without user interaction, using some combination of translation memories, termbases and automated translation. If an automated translation is used, the translator's task is then to post-edit the content. Typically, a batch translation task is run as preparation for translation, after which the remaining, non-translated content is translated by a translator.
pre-translation
Bilingual Review document
For reviewers who do not have SDL Trados Studio or SDL WorldServer installed, you can export your document to a bilingual *.docx format which can be opened and reviewed in Microsoft Word. The reviewed document can then be imported back into Trados Studio or WorldServer with the updated content.
Borrowing
This is a function, which is only available with network licenses, that allows a customer to loan out a license for use outside of the network (LAN).
Browser-based editor
An editor that runs within a web browser, and so does not require a lengthy local installation procedure on the local computer. SDL Online Editor is a browser-based translation editor, in contrast to the translation editor in SDL Trados Studio, which is a desktop editor.
online editor
Certificate
A set of letters or numbers generated by the Licenses section of SDL Account which is used to activate a product offline. You need the activation code and installation ID to generate a certificate. A certificate is either an activation certificate or a deactivation certificate.
Character entity reference
In HTML, XML or SGML a symbolic name for characters. Character entity references start with an ampersand and end with a semi-colon. In between the letters represent the character. For example a non-breaking space is represented by an ampersand followed by the letters nbsp, followed by a semi-colon. See also numeric character reference.
character entity
Commuter license
Commuter licensing allows users to activate their SDL product by borrowing a license from a network licensing server.
Offline borrowing
Users require a commuter license usually when they want to travel and need to use the SDL product offline for a certain period of time. After borrowing the license and specifying the expiry date, users can disconnect from the company's network and from the license server. When the borrowing limit is reached, the license seat is automatically returned to the server and available for other users to pick up.
Session borrowing
When online, users can just connect to the license server to take up a license seat from the ones available in the network license. When users close the SDL application, the license is automatically returned to the pool of available license seats.
Commuter license editions
A network license allows a number of users on the same network to share access to the license seats available for an SDL product.
For SafeNet network licenses (available starting with the release of SDL Trados Studio 2014 SP2) the following editions are available:
- SafeNet Professional Commuter
- SafeNet Workgroup Commuter
- SafeNet Express Commuter
Compound term
A term consisting of more than one word, for example "local area network".
multi-word units
multiple word terms
Concordance match
The result of a concordance search that matches all words in the search phrase, but not necessarily in the same order as in the phrase. The translator can pick a match from the list of matches. See also in-order concordance match.
Concordance search
A search through a translation memory (TM) for words or fragments of text within translation units. Contrast with the more common use of a TM, which is to match a whole segment of text at a time. A concordance search is only performed when requested by a user.
Content repository
A folder, file, database or other holder of content.
Context match
A match that takes into account the context within which the match occurs. Usually this means surrounding segments. A context match is even more likely to be correct than a 100% match of a segment. There are different kinds of context match, depending on which aspects of context are taken into account (for example, formatting).
Context view
A near-final form of preview of a translation.
Conversion program
A software program that converts content from its native format to an intermediate format more suitable for translation. SDL translation programs, such as SDL Trados Studio, run a convertor on each translatable item to convert the contents from native format (for example Microsoft Word) to *.sdlxliff format.
convertor
Custom field template
See field template.
Deactivate
The opposite (antonym) of activate, activation.
deactivation
Deactivation certificate
A certificate created during offline deactivation. See certificate.
Display filter
A specification that selects for display a subset of entries. For example, a filter can select just those segments of a document that have been modified after a certain date. In this sense, a filter contains one or more rules. A filter rule compares the entries against a reference value. When you apply a filter, the application program displays or processes only those entries that match these rules.
filter
Draft
The translation status appropriate for a translation that a translator has started but has not finished. Typically, if a segment has a fuzzy match in the TM, the translation software inserts the TM translation into the target segment, and marks the segment as draft.
DTD
Document Type Definition. A text file that defines the structure, elements and conventions to which an SGML, XML or HTML document must conform. The DTD file is separate from the document it defines. An example of a widely used DTD is the HTML 4.0 DTD, used to define HTML 4.0 documents.
Document Type Definition
Encoding (character encoding)
A set of rules for representing characters in digital form. One common form of character encoding is Unicode.
Exact match
A match in all aspects of text: characters, punctuation and formatting. In an exact match, the text surrounding the source text might be different from the text surrounding the entry in a translation memory (by contrast, a context match requires the same surrounding text.)
Field
A field holds supplementary data for each translation unit (TU) in a translation memory (TM). For example each TU has a field that contains the date the TU was created. SDL TM Server and SDL Trados Studio maintain some fields automatically (system fields). You can also create and maintain your own fields (custom fields). In TMS, the synonym attribute is used for field.
Field template
A set of field definitions that are stored as a template, and which can therefore be used by multiple translation memories. Field templates can hold custom fields only.
File
A synonym for a translatable file while it is in a translation editor.
document
File category
See item category.
File path
The name of the file plus the directory path to the file.
File-based TM
A translation memory (TM) that is stored in a file and can be accessed by any user that has access to the file. Contrast to server-based TM.
file-based translation memory
File type
WorldServer, Trados GroupShare, Trados Studio: A program that extracts translatable content from a particular file format, segments the extracted content, and uses the segments to produce a translatable item in a form such as an *.sdlxliff file. The translatable item can be presented to a translation memory and translated using a translation editor. Users of SDL programs can configure file types and create new ones. Typically, the purpose of configuring a file type is to allow or disallow translation of some content.
file filter
Finalize
The finalize task sequence takes a project to the finalized status. The task sequence updates the main translation memories and generates the target translations.
Finalized
The last status for a project. When a project has a status of finalized, none of the items in that project can be updated.
Fragment alignment
This is a fine-grained alignment that takes place at a sub-segment level. Unlike the normal alignment that only takes place at a segment level, with fragment alignment, translated text fragments are matched together with their source counterpart to better leverage the previously translated content.
Fragment match
This is a fine-grained alignment that takes place at a sub-segment level. Unlike the normal alignment that only takes place at a segment level, translated text fragments are matched together with their source counterpart to better leverage the previously translated content.
Fuzzy band
A range for a fuzzy match, for example, 75% to 84%. In SDL TM Server, there is one set of fuzzy bands for all languages in a project.
Fuzzy index
An index that allows you to find misspelled or transposed terms during a fuzzy search or wildcard search.
Fuzzy match
A match that is less than 100%. A fuzzy match has a percentage, for example, it is a 75% match, or a 90% match. For a translator, translating a segment that has a fuzzy match is typically easier than translating a segment that has no match, but is more difficult than translating an exact match. A fuzzy match requires more effort and probably needs editing.
fuzzy-match value
match value
Fuzzy match threshold
The lowest percentage of a match for the matching text to be used as a fuzzy match. If the match is less than this percentage (which is typically about 75%), then there is no fuzzy match for the text.
Fuzzy match value
See fuzzy match.
Fuzzy search
A type of search by which the application can find terms that are similar or identical to the search text.
Ghost tag
An image that represents a missing markup tag. When you delete one tag of a tag pair, the translation editor converts the deleted tag into a ghost tag to match the tag that remains. You can restore the ghost tag. In the translation editor, a ghost tag looks like a grayed-out tag.
Inline tag
A markup tag that forms part of a segment. Contrast with structure tag. Common uses of inline tags are to format text, to describe special characters, or to reference an image or other hyperlink. Formatting tags and hyperlinks come in tag pairs. Special character tags and reference tags are usually standalone tags.
Installation ID
A unique code which is product and computer specific. This means that a different product on the same computer will produce a different installation code, and vice versa. This code is used when generating activation or deactivation certificates using SafeNet License Manager or within the Licenses section of SDL Account.
Interactive task
A task that is initiated by a user at the screen. Contrast with batch task.
Intermediate translation document
A file format for translation memories and for holding bilingual text. ITD is used by SDLX and SDL TMS. It is a precursor to .sdlxliff.
ITD
Item
Corresponds to one file, document or other text item that is being translated using desktop translation software, or that accompanies the translatable content. See also, item category. The source of an item is a file, database record, or some other data form. A translatable item needs to be converted into a format such as .sdlxliff before a translator can use a translation editor to translate the content.
Item category
An item is categorized to show how it is used in the translation process. One categorization of items is: Translatable (the item is to be translated), Localizable (to be translated outside the application), Reference (for reference only), Instruction (contains instructions for the translator).
Language pair
A source language and a target language, for example English to French, or English (GB) to French (Swiss). A language pair has direction: English to French is not the same as French to English.
Language resource
Language resources are a set of settings in a translation memory. Each language resource is a list of one of the following: abbreviations, ordinal followers, segmentation rules, variables
Language variant
A specific form of a language used in a culture, for example German is a language (code de), and German as used in Austria is a language variant (code de-AT).
sublanguage
Leverage level
The extent to which content can be translated against a TM. The higher the leverage level, the more the TM content is reusable. Leverage levels are generally categorized as High: ICE, SPICE; Medium: exact, 100%; Low: interval fuzzy ranges.
leverage
License
A code used to validate whether a product is allowed to run on a computer.
For instructions on how to activate single-user and network licenses for SDL products, see the SDL Licensing Help.
Licensing server
A computer on the LAN which processes product activation requests from client computers. The licensing server is activated using a licensing tool. You can use SDL License Server Manager for SafeNet to activate the Licensing server. After activation, any other computer that requires licensing (client) can connect to the server and request a license (when concurrent licensing is used).
Licensing Server Toolkit
This is a standalone application which, when installed, sets up a computer to act as a licensing server on a LAN. It also allows an administrator to activate/deactivate a network license for a product on that computer and provides other functions to support network licenses (e.g. generating Borrowing Numbers).
Local translation memory
A translation memory (TM) that is stored on the translator's computer. Usually a local TM can only be used by one user at a time. Compare to server-based translation memory.
local TM
Locale
A geopolitical area. In a computer: the settings that define a language, country and other geopolitical variants. Also the two-or four-letter language code used to identify a language or language and language variant. The definition of a culture includes the language variant and the default encoding used to store content in this language (for example, UTF-8).
culture
Main translation memory
A translation memory that is stored on the application database server and is available for all projects. Contrast with project TM.
main TM
Markup
Content in a translatable item that should not be exposed to the translator for translation. This includes layout and formatting information, style definitions, and font information. Markup is almost always coded in the form of markup tags. Embeddable markup is equivalent to an inline tag; non-embeddable markup is equivalent to a structure tag.
Match
An equivalence between two segments of text, usually between a segment of presented text and a source segment in a translation memory. A match has a match score, which is between the fuzzy match threshold and 100%.
Match (filters)
In relation to filters: an equivalence between an entry (for example, a term in a termbase or a translation unit in a translation memory) and a filter rule. Unlike text matches, a filter match does not have a score.
Match band
Segments that are in the same match band have the same unit rates for the purposes of estimating translation time and costs. The match band of a segment depends on the source and target language, and on the quality of match that is found (for example the percentage match in a fuzzy match). Only segments that have a match in a translation memory are classified into match bands.
Match lookup
The process in which presented text is compared with translation units in a TM.
leveraging
Match score
A percentage value that describes the level of equivalence in a match.
Merge
To join two adjacent segments into a single segment.
Module
A product feature, for example Spell Checking, that can be licensed individually.
Network license
A network license can be used by anyone on the network, up to the limit specified in the license. Network licenses require a licensing server to be running to count the concurrent usage of licenses.
Network licenses activated using SDL License Server Manager (SafeNet) are called commuter licenses. SafeNet is the licensing system used for SDL products. You can install License Server Manager on both server and client operating systems. Windows 10 or 8.1 are examples of client operating systems.
Not translated
A translation status: no translation has been done on the segment. Typically this means that the segment has no translation in the TM, and the translator has not yet produced any translation.
Number
If number recognition is enabled for a TM, the TM recognizes a number in the source text as a token. If a segment of presented text matches a translation unit in the TM, except for the value of a number, the TM registers an exact match. For example, if the TM has 'Jane has 5 apples', then it finds an exact match for the presented text 'Jane has 99 apples'. If the TM settings allow it, the translation editor might also auto-localize numbers.
Numeric character reference
In HTML, a numeric representation for characters, given by a number surrounded by an ampersand and a semi-colon. For example an ampersand followed by the characters #160 followed by a semi-colon represents a non-breaking space. See also, character entity reference.
Ordinal follower
A word that follows a period which itself follows a number, and signifies that the number is an ordinal (first, second, third...), rather than a cardinal (one, two, three...). Its use can be seen by considering the date expressed in German as 4. Juni. If Juni were not in the list of ordinal followers, '4.' would denote the end of a segment, and Juni would start another segment. Ordinal follower lists are a language resource.
Origin
The origin of a segment's translation.
Origin before adaptation
The origin of a segment's translation before it was changed by the user. For example, when a segment originating from machine translation is then post-edited, the origin before adaptation is machine translation.
Package
A collection of files packaged together and sent to a user or another system. The files in any one package belong to the same project. Examples of packages are project package and return package.
Path name
The full path name is the name of the file plus the directory path to the file.
Penalize
To apply a penalty score. You can penalize translation memories and translation units.
Penalty
A percentage taken away from the score of a match between a translation unit and source text segments. SDL Trados Studio can apply penalties for a variety of conditions: for example a penalty for the translation unit or translation memory used for the match, for formatting differences, and so on. Penalties are specified as project settings.
penalty score
PerfectMatch
In SDL Trados Studio, a proprietary refinement of context match that includes a comparison with previously translated files.
Permission
A right that a user or program has to access an application program, data, files or other resource. Common permissions (access rights) are read, write, delete. Which permissions are required for certain activities on a resource is determined by the software. In SDL TM Server, a user's permissions to a resource are granted by the user's role in a resource library, as specified in an applicable membership list.
access right
Placeholder tag
A markup tag that is inline but, unlike most inline tags, is not a formatting tag. Often a placeholder tag is standalone , for example the img tag.
Plug-in
Software that adds functionality, for example to an application. Users or third parties can create plug-ins for SDL TM Server and for WorldServer by using the SDK.
Preparation
A batch task sequence that SDL TM Server runs when a translatable item is added to a project, to prepare it for a translator. At the end of preparation the translatable item has been converted to an .sdlxliff file, analyzed and populated with the results of batch translation.
Presented
For example: presented content, presented segment, presented text. Source language content that is to be translated. A major use of a translation memory is to find a match between presented text and source text stored in the translation memory.
lookup text
Preview
A representation of a file in translation that shows how the file will appear after translation. There can be different levels of preview, for example Raw preview (showing the data), Draft preview (showing the result as rendered, but not as published), Standard preview (showing the result as it will be generated).
Project
A project contains a collection of source language files, and associated files (resource files), which SDL TM Server manages as a unit. All files in the same project have the same source language, but can be translated to multiple languages. Unit costs for translation are defined per project, for each target language. Projects have a life-cycle. They go through project stages in a workflow.
Project folder
The Windows folder that holds all the project details, assets and working files.
Project package
A collection of the files needed for a translation, including the translatable items, translation memories, termbases, and instructions, packaged together in a form that can be sent to a user or another system as part of a translation project. (Usually this means they are put in a zip file.) All the files in one project package belong to the same project. All SDL translation applications allow a project manager to export and import project packages.
Project template
A complete set of project settings, which can be applied as the default settings when creating a project.
Project TM
In SDL TM Server and SDL Trados Studio, a project TM contains all translations from the main translation memories for the target language. It is the TM used by a translator and is usually updated by the translator with new translations. At the end of the project, new translations in the project TM can be incorporated into one or all of the main TMs. Internally, the project TM is a sequence of TMs, modeled on the sequence of main TMs.
Pseudo-translation
Pseudo-translation is a procedure (mainly used in software localization) which simulates how a translated document will look after translation and how much extra engineering work will be required before actual translation is done. This can help in the planning of the project to set appropriate estimates and expectations.
Quality model
A set of rules that categorizes translation errors to produce quantifiable measures based on the quality of a translation.
QuickPlace
QuickPlace is a feature of the translation editor. In the editor, you can press a shortcut key and the editor displays a pop-up menu of items that are suitable for insertion, such as a formatting markup tag or a suggested translation for a recognized token.
QuickPlace item
In the translation editor, an item whose translation is suggested by QuickPlace. If the translation memory treats some text as a recognized token, the translation of that text is often a QuickPlace item.
Recognized token
A short piece of text, in one of a pre-defined set of formats, that a translation memory (TM) treats as a single word (token). For example, if dates are enabled as a recognized token in a TM, the TM recognizes Monday 1 January, 1900 as one word. Where a segment of presented text contains recognized tokens, a TM can find a match based on a pattern rather than exact wording. For example, if the TM has a match for He arrived on '1 January 1900', then the TM will provide a translation for the presented text 'He arrived on 2 February 2010'. For translation memories that use *.sdlxliff format, (such as SDL Trados Studio), the translation editor's QuickPlace shortcut provides suggested translations for recognized tokens. Translation memories in SDL TMS translate recognized tokens automatically, without presenting them to the translation editor. To change how a translation memory handles recognized tokens: in TMS, change the configuration settings; in Trados GroupShare Project Server, Trados GroupShare TM Server or Trados Studio, change translation memory settings and project settings.
placeable (obs.)
Regular expression
A way of describing a pattern of text, for example: "any five letter word that starts with a capital letter, and ends with a digit". Regular expressions can specify sophisticated text patterns. For this reason they are used to specify segmentation rules. Regular expressions are widely used and are well documented. See, for example,
Regular expression.
Regulator Review Bundle
If you are translating for a regulated industry in SDL Trados Studio, you can create and send a bundle of documents to an external regulator for review. A bundle is a zipped file that contains a specific collection of documents needed by the regulator for review. The documents can then be reviewed outside of Trados Studio in Microsoft Word.
Re-index TM
Build the fuzzy indexes in a translation memory (TM) from scratch. The system also scans existing translation units (TUs) for recognized tokens. For example, if you enable variable recognition and then re-index the TM, the TM recognizes variables in all TUs.
re-index translation memory
Repeated segment
The first occurrence of a segment that has repetitions.
Repetition
An occurrence of a segment that has been translated previously. Usually the term refers to repetitions within one translatable item, but sometimes it can be used to refer to repetitions across a number of items.
Return package
A package that a member of a project sends to the project manager on completion of translation. See also project package.
Scoping
The process of comparing content to be translated with past translations, to assess the remaining translation cost and effort.
SDL Account
SDL Account is SDL's web portal where you can:
- purchase and download SDL software
- access licenses for certain products
- purchase and access SDL Support services
- place and view orders
- request and view sales quotations
- purchase and view SDL Certification and Training
SDL License Server Manager
Licensing technology used to activate network licenses for SDL products. The
License Server Manager installer adds the following two utilities to your computer:
- Locking Utility (Wechoid) - generates locking codes for activating offline network license on the server.
- Licensing Server Manager (WlmAdmin) - monitors all licensing activity and controls the distribution of license seats to clients.
SDLXLIFF
*.Sdlxliff is an XLIFF format, compliant with XLIFF version 1.2.
SDL has added some standards compliant proprietary extensions.
When you add a translatable item to a project in SDL Trados Studio, Trados Studio converts the item into an *.sdlxliff format file, and preforms all subsequent translation work on the *.sdlxliff file. For example, when you use a Translation Editor, you edit an *.sdlxliff file, and you save the result also as an *.sdlxliff file. The *.sdlxliff file has the same name as the source item but with an added file extension .sdlxliff.
At the end of the project, or when the user generates a final format for review, the translated text is extracted and converted to the destination file format. Usually, the *.sdlxliff working file is kept intact.
Segment
Text that is a single translation unit for the purposes of finding a match in a translation memory. Usually a segment corresponds to a sentence. Translation memories store translations by segment, and segments are also the unit for matching presented text with stored translations. In a translation editor, each segment is displayed on a separate row.
Segmentation
The process of dividing text (usually source text) into segments.
Segmentation rule
The regular expressions that, for a language, define those text patterns that constitute a segment. In SDL TM Server and SDL Trados Studio, segmentation rules are stored in language resources.
Server-based TM
A translation memory (TM) that is stored on a TM server. A server-based TM can be used concurrently by more than one user. Compare to local TM.
server-based translation memory
Source
Descriptive of the original, untranslated item. For example: source content, source language, source segment, source text. Contrast with target. See also, language pair.
Source file
A source file is a program file to be translated in SDL Trados Studio. The file type depends on the parser. For example, the source files for WIN32 are usually .EXE files or .DLL runtime libraries, whereas the source files for the text parser are (structured) text files. The source file may also refer to a database or an SQL query when working with the database parser. The purpose of Trados Studio is to localize these source files. The translated version of the source file is referred to as the target file.
Split
To divide, usually applied to a segment. Some applications allow you to split segments. This can be useful during the translation process to facilitate the translation. WorldServer can also automatically split segments. It does this to look for higher quality matches, and so increase the leverage of the translation memory. Contrast with merge.
Standalone tag
markup tag that can legitimately exist without another closing tag, for example a break tag in HTML. Contrast with tag pair.
Stem
The common root form of a number of words. For example go, going, gone all have the same stem, go. A translation memory can use stems to find matching entries containing word variations. (Verb) To find the stem of a number of words. Stemming can generate a larger number of match hits.
String
The smallest translatable unit of text within a source file is a string. All strings are display and can be edited in the string list window. Each string is assigned to a resource. Strings in a source string list are also called source strings whereas strings in a translation list are referred to as translation string.
Structure tag
A markup tag that exists between segments, and often defines a segment break. Examples are: line break tag, table tag. Contrast with inline tag.
System field
In the context of a SDL translation memory, a field that the translation memory creates and maintains automatically. Contrast with custom field. In TMS, the term attribute is used as a synonym for field.
Tag
A keyword assigned to a portion of text, used to specify text attributes (for example bold format), or text flow attributes (for example a page break). Tags can be categorized into the following, overlapping, categories: Inline or structure; Standalone or one of a tag pair; Translatable or non-translatable.
markup tag
Tag pair
A matching pair of markup tags. Most markup tags come as a tag pair: one opening tag and its matching closing tag, for example <b> to represent the start of bold text, and </b> to represent the end of bold text. Contrast with standalone tag.
Target
Descriptive of the translated or destination item, for example: target content, target language, target segment. Contrast with source. See also, language pair.
Target file
A target file is the localized version of a source file. Generally, this is a copy of the source file in which all the resources and strings have been translated to a target language.
Target language
Refers to the language a project is to be translated to. For example, if your project is to translate a manual from English to Spanish, Spanish is the target language.
Target language term
A translation of the search term in the currently selected target language. You can apply special formatting and display properties to target language terms and other target language information.
Target term
First equivalent of the search term in the currently selected target language.
TBX
TermBase eXchange. An XML standard, published as ISO 30042, for the interchange of terminology data, including detailed lexical information.
Termbase Exchange Format
TBX files
TBX is a Terminology Markup Language. It is the open, XML-based standard for exchanging structured terminological data that allows the transfer of information from one termbase to another.
Template
A template is a set of settings that you can use as a basis for settings in a resource such as a translation memory. The behavior of a template with regard to the applied settings differs between SDL applications: In SDL Trados Studio and Trados GroupShare, when you link a resource to a template, you cause the resource to use the settings in the template. When you change the settings in the template, the corresponding settings in all linked resources are also changed. However, if you change the settings by editing a resource, you break the link between the resource and the template. In TMS, when you use a template for a resource, the system copies the settings from the template to the resource, but there is no ongoing link between the resource and the template.
Termbase
A database used to store terminology and related information.
terminology database
TD
Termbase object
Any of the following: filter, layout, input model, export definition and import definition. They allow you to work with termbase data. Termbase objects are based on the termbase definition and are termbase-specific.
TMX
TMX (TM exchange) is an industry standard format for the exchange of translation memories. SDL TM Server can import a translation memory that is in TMX format, and can export its translation memories into TMX format files.
Translation Memory Exchange
Token
A token corresponds to a word, or short sequence of words and punctuation marks, in translatable text. When a translation memory (TM) is applied to source text, the TM analyzes the source into tokens. This analysis is independent of the analysis into segments. You can configure a TM to recognize text patterns as single tokens. For example, you can provide an expression that provides a definition of the patterns of text for dates. Such text patterns are called recognized tokens. You can provide rules for translating recognized tokens.
Translation editor
An editor that enables translators to translate bilingual files, such as .sdlxliff files.
Translation memory
A translation memory (TM) is a file or database containing source language text segments and translated versions of the text segments. Each pair of source and translated segments is called a translation unit (TU). In a TM, the source language segments are all in one language. A TM may contain translations into many languages, but often has just one target language. A TM also maintains supplementary data for each TU, such as who created the TU, and when. This data is held in fields. A user can also add user defined data to TUs. TMs allow translators to reuse translations, thus reducing translation time and effort, and increasing consistency.
TM
Translation status (confirmation level)
The status of review and approval that you can assign to a segment or to a document to indicate the degree of confidence that you have in the translation. The translation statuses of the segments in a document automatically update the translation statuses of the document. Not used in SDL TMS.
TTX
A file type that was used for TRADOS TagEditor files, and also the file name extension for those files.
Trados Studio 2021 and later support TTX files and other legacy files via the
SDL Trados Compatibility and Migration Power Pack available from the
SDL AppStore.
For information on installing apps, see .
TU
An entry in a translation memory (TM), consisting of a segment of source text, its translation text, and supplementary TM data such as translation date. In TMX, translation unit is equivalent to the element tu. (Less common) text which is a single unit for the purposes of matching, equivalent to segment.
translation unit
TM entry
Unicode
A standard for representing characters. It covers most of the world's written languages. A Unicode character is a character that has a Unicode representation.
Unix filter
A matching pair of markup tags. Most markup tags come as a tag pair: one opening tag and its matching closing tag, for example <b> to represent the start of bold text, and </b> to represent the end of bold text. Contrast with standalone tag. A program that processes an input data stream into an output data stream in some well-defined way. Hence, a program that converts a file from one data format to another data format.
UTF-8
An encoding for Unicode characters in one to four bytes. The number of bytes depends on the Unicode character. All the ASCII character codes are single byte UTF-8 codes.
Unicode Transformation Format - 8
Variable
A feature of translation memories (TMs) that are used in SDL TM Server and Trados Studio. TMS does not use variables. However, the way that SDL TMS treats acronyms is similar to the way that SDL TM Server treats variables. A variable is a word or phrase defined in the variable list of a TM. A TM considers a variable to be the same in all its languages. Where a translation unit includes a variable, the TM will substitute one variable for another variable if that provides a match. For example, assume the following are true: - 'Mary Brown' and 'John Smith'are variables in a TM. - The TM has a translation for 'The head manager is Mary Brown.' - The presented text is: 'The head manager is John Smith.' Then the TM uses the translation for 'The head manager is Mary Brown.', replaces 'Mary Brown' with 'John Smith' in the translated text and registers an exact match. Variable lists are a language resource.
(Wechoid) (SafeNet License Manager)
Licensing tool part of SDL License Server Manager. Use (Wechoid) to generate installation IDs for offline commuter licenses.
View
A display of information, menus and toolbars that help the user perform a related set of tasks, for example: Project view Editor view.
WlmAdmin (SafeNet License Manager)
SafeNet utility that controls the distribution of network license seats to clients. You can also use (WlmAdmin) to monitor all network licensing activity for your SDL products.
Workflow
A model of the stages through which translatable items progress in the translation process.
XLIFF
XLIFF is an XML based file format, designed to be useful for translators.
Some of the features of an *.xliff file are:
- It is a bilingual file: it holds the source and target language text.
- It separates translatable and non-translatable content, for example it separates translatable text from formatting information.
- It structures the translatable content into translatable segments, usually sentences.
- It holds useful management information, such as the translation status of each segment.
XPath
A syntax for specifying locations in an XML document. It includes path expressions (analogous to file path expressions) and a number of built-in functions. XPath is an important part of XSLT.
XTranslated unit
PerfectMatch units (XUs) are translation units that appear in your bilingual document after having PerfectMatch applied. PerfectMatch units represent segment matches that come from the previous version of the bilingual document rather than the translation memory. Because the PerfectMatch process includes a check for context, XU segment matches represent those parts of your document that typically need no further translation or editing.
PerfectMatch unit
XU